Tree problems · Other damage
Woodpecker and sapsucker damage: signs and what to do
Woodpecker and sapsucker damage is a kind of non-living (abiotic) damage, often seen on maples, birches, pines. Look for: neat rows of small holes drilled around the trunk or limbs, a sign of sapsuckers.
General information, not a diagnosis. A certified arborist or your county extension office can confirm.
- Other damage
- Maples
- Birches
- Pines
- Cherry
- Oaks
- Other trees with sap or insects under the bark
Signs to look for
Tick what you see. More ticks make it more likely, but only an on-site look can confirm.
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Season
Sapsuckers often feed on trees in fall, winter and spring. Many drill sap wells during migration or while they stay for the winter. Woodpeckers hunt insects year round.
How it spreads
This is not a disease and it does not spread from tree to tree. Birds often come back to the same tree again and again, and may move on to other trees nearby.
Where it is found
Woodpeckers live across the whole country. Sapsuckers are seen in many regions at different times of year, often as winter visitors. Ask your local extension office what is common near you.
Official sources
What to do
- 1
Look at the pattern. Neat rows of holes point to sapsuckers. Scattered deeper holes may mean a woodpecker is chasing insects.
- 2
If woodpeckers are digging, check the tree for borers or decay, because they may be going after an insect problem.
- 3
Wrap the damaged area with hardware cloth or similar mesh as extension advice suggests.
- 4
Hang shiny, moving items near the damaged area to scare birds away. Move them from time to time.
- 5
Do not use sticky repellents, which can trap birds.
- 6
Remember that most native birds are protected by law, so do not harm them. Ask your state wildlife agency if you are unsure.
Safety first: do not climb, do not cut near power lines and do not use a chainsaw on storm-loaded wood. Call the utility for downed lines and 911 if anyone is in danger.
Prevention
Healthy trees tend to bounce back. Protect young, thin-barked trees that birds like with mesh or wrap. If a tree has an insect problem, deal with that first so woodpeckers lose interest. Birds often leave on their own after the season passes.
When to call a pro
Call a certified arborist if holes nearly circle the trunk, if the tree has dead branches above the damage, or if woodpecker digging suggests borers or decay inside. A tree weakened by decay can be a risk near a house or driveway.
Not sure who to call? Read how to hire a tree service or check is my tree dangerous?
Trees it affects
Usually seen on: Maples, Birches, Pines, Cherry, Oaks, Other trees with sap or insects under the bark.
- Red Maple
- Sugar Maple
- Silver Maple
- Paper Birch
- River Birch
- Yellow Birch
- Eastern White Pine
- Red Pine
- Black Cherry
- American Beech
- White Oak
- Northern Red Oak
- Sweetgum
- Bald Cypress
- Crape Myrtle
- American Holly
See all species in our tree library, or pick a tougher tree with the tree picker.
For tree companies
How to explain woodpecker and sapsucker damage to a customer
Do not assume the bird is the problem. Look for what drew it. If the damage is light, tell the owner the tree will likely be fine. If holes ring the trunk or the tree has a hidden insect or decay problem, offer a clear plan. Never promise that wrapping or deterrents will work every time.
Send this page to the customer after your visit so they can read the signs in plain words. See also selling plant health care and the job photo checklist.
Questions
What is the difference between woodpecker and sapsucker damage?
Sapsuckers drill neat rows of small holes to feed on sap. Woodpeckers usually dig larger holes to reach insects, or to make nests and to drum.
Will this kill my tree?
Often not. Light damage is usually minor. But if holes ring the trunk or branch, the tree can lose the part above it, and in rare cases the whole tree.
Why is a woodpecker digging in my tree?
It may be going after insects living under the bark or in decaying wood. Having a certified arborist check the tree is a smart step.
How do I keep birds off my tree?
Extension sources suggest wrapping the damaged part with mesh and hanging shiny items that move in the wind. Results vary.
Can I harm or remove the birds?
No. Most native birds are protected by federal law. Use deterrents and barriers instead. Check with your state wildlife agency for rules. This is a short explanation, not legal advice.
Should I paint or seal the holes?
Extension sources generally say wound paint is not needed. Ask your local extension office or arborist about your tree.
Can Lirevon diagnose woodpecker and sapsucker damage on my tree?
No. Lirevon is a remote marketing team for tree service companies and does not do tree work. This page is general information, not a diagnosis. A certified arborist or your county extension office can confirm what is wrong with your tree.
How do I find a good local pro for this?
Search Google Maps for certified arborists or tree services near you, read their reviews and ask for proof of insurance. Get two or three written quotes. Our guide on how to hire a tree service lists the questions to ask.
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